Robust Optimization-Based Scheduling of Multi-Microgrids Considering Uncertainties

Scheduling of multi-microgrids (MMGs) is one of the important tasks in MMG operation and it faces new challenges as the integration of demand response (DR) programs and renewable generation (wind and solar) sources increases. In order to address these challenges, robust optimization (RO)-based scheduling has been proposed in this paper considering uncertainties in both renewable energy sources and forecasted electric loads. Initially, a cost minimization deterministic model has been formulated for the MMG system. Then, it has been transformed to a min-max robust counterpart and finally, a traceable robust counterpart has been formulated using linear duality theory and Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. The developed model provides immunity against the worst-case realization within the provided uncertainty bounds. Budget of uncertainty has been used to develop a trade-off between the conservatism of solution and probability of unfeasible solution. The effect of uncertainty gaps on internal and external trading, operation cost, unit commitment of dispatchable generators, and state of charge (SOC) of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) have also been analyzed in both grid-connected and islanded modes. Simulations results have proved the robustness of proposed strategy.